Trichloroisocyanuric acid, chemical formula C3O3N3Cl3, molecular weight 232.41, is an organic compound, white crystalline powder or granular solid, with a strong chlorine odor.
Trichloroisocyanuric acid is a very strong oxidant and chlorinating agent. It is mixed with ammonium salt, ammonia and urea to generate explosive nitrogen trichloride. It also releases nitrogen trichloride when exposed to moisture and heat. It is flammable when exposed to organic matter. Trichloroisocyanuric acid has almost no corrosive effect on stainless steel, and the corrosion of brass is stronger than that of carbon steel.

Effective chlorine content (%): (superior product) ≥ 90.0; (qualified product) ≥ 88.0
Moisture content (%): ≤0.5
Appearance: white crystalline powder, granule, block (200g tablet, 500g tablet, etc.)
Appearance: pungent odor
Specific gravity: 0.95 (light)/1.20 (heavy)
pH value (1% aqueous solution): 2.6～3.2
Solubility (25°C water): 1.2g/100g
Solubility (30°C acetone): 36g/100g
Trichloroisocyanuric acid is one of the chlorinated isocyanuric acid series products, referred to as TCCA, the pure product is powdery white crystal, slightly soluble in water, easily soluble in organic solvents; the active chlorine content is 2 to 3 times higher than that of bleaching powder. Trichloroisocyanuric acid is a replacement product of bleaching powder and bleaching essence. The three wastes are much lower than bleaching essence. Advanced countries use it to replace bleaching essence.

The main synthesis methods of trichloroisocyanuric acid include chlorine gas method, liquid chlorinating agent method, solvent method and sodium dichloroisocyanurate (sDc) deep chlorination method.
Chlorine method
The first step: cyanuric acid (CA) synthesis The production of cyanuric acid mainly adopts the urea thermal cracking deamination method. The reaction formula is:
Urea thermal cracking deamination method
Urea thermal cracking deamination method

The second step: alkaline solution
The third step: Chlorination
Alkali soluble
Alkali soluble
The process of this method is simple, but in the process of preparing TCCA by chlorination of CA, CA contains more by-products biuret, triuret, cyanuramide and unreacted raw material urea, which react with chlorine to generate NCl3, CA

It is easy to generate NCl3 in alkaline solution. TCCA products will also decompose to generate NCl3 under heating or alkaline conditions, and the chlorine reaction is carried out in a closed container. It is well known that NCl3 accumulation is very easy to explode.
liquid chlorinating agent method
Cyanuric acid is prepared into a slurry, and chlorinated at a certain pH with a pre-made chlorinating agent (such as Cl20, HOCl, NaCl, etc.). The reaction formula is:
Similarly, in order to avoid the production of NCl3, on the one hand, the CA intermediate was refined to reduce the impurity content to less than 3%, on the other hand, the process conditions were strictly controlled, the pH was controlled between 3 and 4, and the chlorination temperature was between 20 and 25 ° C. . This method is a liquid-liquid phase reaction. When a certain amount of air is introduced at the inlet, the chlorination reactor is equipped with a pumping and exhausting system, so that the produced trace NCl3 can be discharged in time. The method responds quickly and does not pollute the environment. The disadvantage is that hypochlorous acid is unstable, resulting in lower product yields.
liquid chlorinating agent method
liquid chlorinating agent method

In addition, after the reaction of CA and prefabricated Cl20 below 200 °C, NCl3-free dry products can be obtained, which do not need to be separated and dried.
Solvent method
Using an inert solvent that is immiscible with water, has no reactivity, and can dissolve TccA, such as methane chloride, the method has the advantages of continuous, automated, large-scale, and low-pollution. It is also used in large-scale production in developed countries.
Sodium dichloroisocyanurate (SDC) deep chlorination method
Sodium dichloroisocyanurate is one of the chlorinated isocyanuric acid series products. In the joint production of SDC and TAAC, cyanuric acid is reacted with sodium hypochlorite solution at 20-25℃ to form SDC, and then it is deeply chlorinated to form TCCA. The reaction formula is:
deep chlorination
deep chlorination

Trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) is one of the important varieties of chlorinated isocyanuric acid products. It is a new generation of high-efficiency bleaching agent, chlorinating agent and disinfectant. It has the characteristics of safe umbrella and long time to release effective chlorine in water.

Category: Oxidizers.

Toxicity classification: poisoning.

Acute toxicity: Oral – rat LD50: 406 mg/kg.

Irritation data: skin-rabbit 500 mg/24 hours moderate; eyes-rabbit 50 mcg/24 hours severe.

Explosive hazardous characteristics: mixed with ammonium salt, ammonia and urea to generate explosive nitrogen trichloride.

Flammability and Hazardous Characteristics: It is flammable in case of organic matter; it releases highly toxic nitrogen trichloride in case of moisture and heat.

Storage and transportation characteristics: The warehouse is ventilated and dry at low temperature: stored separately from fuel, organic matter and easy oxides.

Extinguishing media: fire dry sand.

(1) Product storage: The product should be stored in a cool, dry and well-ventilated warehouse, moisture-proof, waterproof, waterproof, fireproof, isolated from fire and heat sources, and prohibited from being mixed with flammable, explosive, spontaneous combustion and self-explosion substances, and not with oxidants. , reducing agent, it is easy to be mixed with chlorinated and oxidized substances, and it is absolutely forbidden to mix and mix with inorganic salts and organic substances containing ammonia, ammonium and amine, such as liquid ammonia, ammonia water, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride urea, etc. It is easy to explode or burn, and it should not be in contact with non-ionic surfactants, otherwise it will burn easily.

(2) Product transportation: The product can be transported by various means of transportation such as trains, automobiles, ships, etc. When shipping, prevent the package from breaking, fireproof, waterproof, moisture-proof, and must not be mixed with ammonia, ammonia, ammonium salts, amides, urea, oxidants, non-ionic surfactants Flammable, explosive and other dangerous goods are mixed together.

(3) Fire protection: Trichloroisocyanuric acid is not spontaneous and non-flammable. It is easy to burn and explode when mixed with ammonium, ammonia and ammonium. At the same time, the substance is decomposed and emits harmful gases due to the influence of the fire. Therefore, when a fire occurs, fire Personnel must wear gas masks, work clothes and put out the fire in the upper wind, because a large amount of harmful gas will be generated when encountering water, so fire-fighting sand is generally used to put out the fire.

1. Disinfection of drinking water: Add 0.4 grams per 100 kg of water, stir well and let it stand for a while.

2. Swimming pool disinfection: put 3~5 grams per cubic meter in the swimming pool per day.

3. Treatment of industrial circulating cooling water: add 0.5 grams per 1m3 of water, the free chlorine concentration in the cooling water is generally controlled between 0.25~0.5ppm, and the pH value is preferably 7~8.

4. Others:

(1) Disinfection of tableware. Add 0.25g per 5kg of water and soak the washed dishes for 5 minutes.

(2) Treatment of sewage and feces. The odor can be eliminated by adding 5 grams per cubic meter of sewage or feces.

(3) Sterilization and disinfection of seeds. Using TCCA for seed disinfection can break the dormant period of seeds, improve the germination rate of seeds, and inhibit the occurrence of diseases. It is also important that it does not have environmental pollution problems and is harmless to humans and animals. The method is to soak the seeds with 0.2% TCCA aqueous solution for 12 hours.

(4) Sterilization and disinfection in aquaculture.

(5) Used for disinfection of hospital sewage, diapers, toilet bowls, medicine bowls and instruments. Compared with the commonly used Xinjieermin, carbolic acid, chlorhexidine and chloramine T, the dosage of TCCA is only 1/10~1/100 of the above-mentioned conventional disinfectants for the same disinfection object, and the sterilization speed is fast and the effect is good.

(6) Disinfecting and deodorizing agent for garbage and dirt in households and public places. Its formula is: TCCA 25%, decontamination powder 25-65%, p-dichlorobenzene 10-15%, suitable for disinfection and deodorization of toiletware and garbage, as well as Yinjing ditches.